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 "name": "Finacial Decentralization And Local Self Governance In The Period Of Reforms 7184Bb96",
 "text": "Formal expenditure authority does not secure fiscal autonomy. Chernyavsky and Vartapetov report that Russian municipalities remained completely dependent on higher-level governments despite significant formal expenditure powers. This evidence extends Kaal's claim that local authority must be paired with control over adequate revenues. It does not establish that the same dependency arises in every decentralized system.",
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  "The source reports Russian municipal finance during the 1992 to 2002 reform period and does not establish the same dependence in every decentralized system.",
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  "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization and Feedback Effects (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808852",
  "paper": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization and Feedback Effects",
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