Under Blasius, LER should function as a last-resort tool justified by evidence of severe harm to the corporation, such as an activist's documented history of value destruction, so that courts can test whether less restrictive alternatives existed.
Source quote, verbatim
LER deployment must be justified by evidence of severe harm to the corporation. Examples may include an activist's history of value destruction. LER should be a last-resort tool, allowing courts to scrutinize if less restrictive alternatives exist.
Wulf A. Kaal, Liquid Equity Rewards in Corporate America (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5583610
Holds when
board action that intentionally frustrates shareholder voting
Blasius compelling justification review
Classification
conditionsupport: arguedgovernance-design
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