kaal:position:2026-07-31-6586
Refinement of estimates of the success probability of a double-spend attack on the Blockchain System, Based on the Independent Players Model presents the following source proposition: Using a transparent and fully distributed peer-to-peer blockchain architecture, applications benefit from a data-only model, in which “transactions” are accepted into the blockchain ledger and, if the system is functioning properly, cannot be modified or deleted. This proposition is pertinent to Kaal's source-bound claim that No single, fixed, entirely algorithmic policing solution can completely prevent independent nodes in a distributed system from gaming block production to advantage some parties over others. Any consensus protocol that relies on a permanently fixed rule set will therefore be gamed as conditions change. The proposed response is an extension: the relationship should remain limited to the retrieved source proposition and the mapped Kaal claim unless fuller source review supports a broader conclusion.
consensus-and-securityregulatory-failureblockchaingovernance-designhistorical-responsescholarly-literatureopenalex