Where coded categories such as cooperating, disclosure, and internal review fall well short of 100 percent of the sample, the shortfall may reflect a gap in what the agreements record rather than a real absence of those corporate actions, so the coded frequencies understate actual conduct.
Source quote, verbatim
there is a chance that we may be capturing a gap in what is recorded in the N/DPAs in the sample, rather than a real absence of these factors.
From
Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, The Effect of Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements on Corporate Governance Evidence from 1993-20 (2014), V.B. PREEMPTIVE REMEDIAL MEASURES, p. 29 https://ssrn.com/abstract=2486570 · source PDF
Cite as
Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, The Effect of Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements on Corporate Governance Evidence from 1993-20 (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2486570
Holds when
applies to categories whose coded frequency is not near 100 percent
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