kaal:claim:3125827-015

The long range attack is a fundamental problem every proof of stake protocol must address: because no energetic outlay is required to build blocks, a malicious producer can fabricate a long chain forked from an earlier valid block, and a newly joining node lacking proof of work hashes cannot objectively tell which chain is genuine.

The long-range attack is a fundamental problem PoS protocols must address, where a malicious producer may create a long list of blocks forked from an earlier valid block, because there is no PoW energetic outlay required to prevent this16.

Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Secure Proof of Stake Protocol (2018), 2.2 Soft attacks, p. 9
https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125827 · source PDF

Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Secure Proof of Stake Protocol (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125827

• new nodes joining without a trusted checkpoint
• PoS chains with no energy cost to block creation

failuresupport: arguedfailure: long-range-attackfamily: consensus-and-protocol-attackconsensus-and-security

• extended_by kaal:claim:5225296-013 Long-range attacks, in which adversaries rewrite history using old keys, are mitigated in SPoS by requiring ve...

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