entity · derived
Blockchain
Derived node: assembled mechanically from the claims carrying blockchain. A roster, not an adjudicated definition.
Every claim under this term
- 2922176-020 : Blockchain-based smart contracts in digital marketplaces are the technology most likely to extend and lead the decentralization of the relationship between businesses and their counterparties.
- 2922176-034 : Critics who dismiss artificial intelligence on boards as science fiction not worth engaging are wrong: AI on boards is a real prospect, and technologies such as blockchain-based smart contracts will b
- 2922176-035 : Fundamental flaws in the DAO's code allowed hackers to move one third of contributed funds to a subsidiary account, ending that initiative, but the flaws were in the implementation and do not defeat t
- 2922176-036 : In a decentralized autonomous organization a series of smart contracts grants token holders voting rights, so the blockchain-based smart contract performs the function that articles of incorporation o
- 2939127-004 : Law schools that invest early in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain will gain a comparative advantage over peer schools irrespective of ranking, because demand for lawyers train
- 2939127-013 : The counseling, deal making, matchmaking, gatekeeping, and enforcement roles historically performed by lawyers are increasingly performed by technology, and blockchain technology and smart contracting
- 2939127-014 : Because a public blockchain is genuinely public and immutable, it increases transparency while simultaneously and significantly reducing transaction costs.
- 2939127-015 : Intermediaries, lawyers among them, are replaced by code, connectivity, crowd, and collaboration.
- 2939127-016 : It is the completely decentralized network connectivity of the blockchain via the Internet, more than the use of digital signatures to establish party identity and authenticity, that provides the stro
- 2939127-017 : Blockchain's distributed consensus model permits node verification of transactions without compromising the privacy of the parties, which makes it arguably safer than a traditional model requiring thi
- 2939127-018 : Smart contract arrangements involving several parties and greater complexity require the verifiable and unhackable system that blockchain technology supplies.
- 2939127-019 : Smart contracting on a blockchain often makes conventional legal contracting unnecessary, because smart contracts emulate the logic of legal contract clauses.
- 2939127-020 : Increased connectivity enabled by blockchain technology, combined with increased decentralization, allows the removal of intermediaries including lawyers, financial intermediaries, and platform compan
- 2939127-021 : Venture capital investment in blockchain startups has grown exponentially since 2012, which the authors read as an indicator of the technology's commercial maturity.
- 2939127-022 : Once blockchain technology gains wider acceptance and its applications reach consumers, existing legal processes and structures will likely be among the first processes to become redundant.
- 2939127-023 : Leveraging the big data collected through Legal Tech solutions and blockchain applications in combination with machine learning produces more creative and faster tools, which in turn generates a surge
- 2939127-024 : The world of blockchain and smart contracting has clearly not reached maturity, which is the first of several technological and legal limitations facing blockchain and smart contracts.
- 2939127-025 : Contrary to the widespread belief among legal professionals that code can only handle very simple transactions, blockchain enabled smart contracts generally do not require legal involvement across the
- 2939127-028 : Although blockchain technology itself offers unprecedented data and privacy protection, storing blockchain data across a global network of nodes often will not comply with the consumer protection rule
- 2939127-029 : The legal disputes already generated by sharing platforms indicate that future blockchain enabled sharing services will not be accepted quickly or without resistance from incumbents whose service or p
- 2939127-039 : Future lawyers will have to distinguish blockchain based contracting from traditional legal contracting and advise clients on the optimal allocation between the two.
- 2939127-040 : For the parts of dealmaking and other legal tasks that cannot be placed on a blockchain, the role of non blockchainable agents of trust may expand, and blockchain driven disintermediation of law may i
- 2959730-001 : Private fund advisers' increasing use of blockchain technology, artificial intelligence, and big data is a distinct source of downward pressure on the traditional 2/20 fee structure that commentators
- 2959730-002 : The majority of private fund advisers that deploy blockchain technology, artificial intelligence, and big data in their operations or strategy charge their investors lower fees, even though not all bl
- 2959730-003 : Using a hand coded dataset of 98 private investment fund advisers that use blockchain technology in their strategy or internal operations, the article shows that advisers using the new technology are
- 2959730-004 : As the use of blockchain technology grows in the private investment fund industry, pressure on the traditional fee structure is likely to continue to grow, even though the proportion of fund strategie
- 2959730-018 : The decentralized, fully distributed nature of the blockchain makes it practically impossible to reverse, alter, or erase information recorded in it.
- 2959730-021 : Complex smart contract arrangements involving several parties require a verifiable and unhackable system, which blockchain technology supplies.
- 2959730-023 : The current legal and administrative processes that support private equity are time consuming, expensive, lack transparency, and involve lengthy, duplicative, and fragmented investment and administrat
- 2959730-029 : Blockchain technology enables managers to charge per transaction fees, which undermines the existing 2/20 fee model, because it facilitates seamless and efficient calculation of management fees per tr
- 2959730-036 : The combination of increased transparency, reduced costs, and competitive performance enabled by blockchain use may confer a competitive advantage that continues to exert pressure on fees charged by c
- 2959730-041 : Survey responses from blockchain using private investment fund advisers show that their fee structure deviates from the traditional 2/20 model, with responding managers reporting alternative fee struc
- 2959730-042 : The rise of blockchain applications in private investment funds can exacerbate the industry's already changing fee structure.
- 2992962-002 : The authors stipulate distributed jurisdiction as a regulatory alternative in which conflict resolution for blockchain transactions is supplied by governance solutions inherent in the blockchain techn
- 2992962-006 : Because the challenges crypto transactions pose to the existing legal and jurisdictional infrastructure are severe, including good governance in crypto transactions requires instituting governance sol
- 2992962-008 : Anonymity survives the blockchain's permanent public record because a new private key can be created for each transaction, so although public key addresses are stored eternally, each transaction allow
- 2998033-009 : As of the publication of this article, a review of published court opinions showed that no court had reviewed, assessed, or scrutinized the uses and applications of blockchain technology.
- 2998097-039 : Blockchain's structural characteristic as a decentralized model for financial transactions disintermediates and disrupts the existing financial infrastructure, so private funds that adopt it first dir
- 2998097-040 : Blockchain technology enables managers to charge per-transaction fees, which undermines the existing 2 and 20 fee model, because it allows fully automated allocation of the correct fee to each execute
- 3002908-001 : The absence of regulatory recognition of blockchain technology is itself a source of harm: it creates significant uncertainty for the blockchain community and undermines the evolution of the crypto ec
- 3002908-002 : Regulatory uncertainty around blockchain has three specific sources: insufficient or non existent regulatory guidance, the absence of court decisions, and uncertainty over which jurisdiction applies.
- 3002908-003 : Regulatory uncertainty in this transitional era actively frustrates blockchain innovation rather than supplying the secure framework in which blockchain applications could flourish.
- 3002908-004 : Regulators cannot draft specific blockchain regulation because the risks, opportunities, and concrete outcomes of blockchain in reshaping financial markets are unpredictable.
- 3002908-006 : Traditional jurisdictional tests fail for blockchain because the concepts of location and presence do not apply: the blockchain has no location, physical or electronic, and no single node holds the en
- 3002908-008 : As of publication, no American or European court had recognized blockchain technology or scrutinized its applications, leaving it unclear how courts will treat the technology.
- 3002908-010 : ESMA judged a regulatory response to blockchain premature because technological innovation was still evolving and blockchain's practical applications were still rather limited.
- 3002908-019 : Private investment funds entered the blockchain sector earlier than other financial players, yet because of legacy systems in private fund infrastructure the proportion of funds investing in blockchai
- 3071378-001 : Blockchain technology delivers anonymous and secure transactional guarantees through democratized trust and disintermediation, and its anti-discrimination features allow minorities and disenfranchised
- 3071378-004 : Because network nodes verify and validate chain transactions before execution under a distributed consensus model, recording a fraudulent transaction on the blockchain is extremely rare.
- 3227933-005 : The paper's central claims are that digital technologies have already disrupted centralized corporate organizations by enabling platforms, that this disruption will continue as blockchain based techno
- 3227933-010 : Blockchain extends what the Internet did for information: it makes it possible to transfer and exchange value and assets without traditional centralized intermediaries, by storing information in a dec
- 3227933-011 : It is the decentralized character of the blockchain, that is the distribution of the ledger to countless nodes in peer-to-peer networks, rather than any other feature, that makes the technology potent
- 3227933-012 : The only condition for hosting a copy of the blockchain and participating in the network is a smartphone or Internet connection, which is why the technology can extend financial inclusion to those tra
- 3227933-013 : Peer-to-peer transactions are possible because a distributed consensus model has network nodes verify, validate and audit transactions before and after execution, and this is often safer than routing
- 3227933-014 : Network connectivity is what makes blockchain records practically immutable, because it allows multiple identical copies of the ledger to exist simultaneously across the network.
- 3227933-015 : Cryptographic hashing makes tampering detectable because even a minuscule change to the blockchain produces a different hash value, which other participants can observe instantly.
- 3227933-016 : Blockchain technology creates an independent and transparent platform for establishing truth and building trust, replacing intermediaries, bureaucracy and old procedures with what the authors call the
- 3227933-023 : Adoption of blockchain is costly and technically difficult because the technology is continually evolving and integrating blockchain databases with existing systems raises many technical challenges, s
- 3227933-035 : Fundamental flaws in the DAO's code allowed hackers to transfer one third of the total contributed funds to a subsidiary account, and this together with other technological limitations ended the initi
- 3227967-018 : Because blockchain network nodes verify, validate and audit transactions both before and after execution, the model is safer than a traditional one in which transactions can only be accomplished throu
- 3227967-019 : Cryptographic hashing makes tampering with blockchain records extremely difficult because even a minuscule change produces a different hash value, rendering manipulation instantly and readily detectab
- 3227967-020 : Blockchain replaces intermediaries, bureaucracy and old fashioned procedures with the four Cs of code, connectivity, crowd and collaboration, which increases openness and speed while significantly red
- 3227967-021 : A smart contract is computer program code that enables the verification, execution and enforcement of specific terms and conditions of a contractual arrangement.
- 3227967-023 : A decentralized autonomous organization is merely computer code with no directors, managers or employees, its governance structure built with software, code and smart contracts running on a public dec
- 3227967-031 : DAOs will eventually overtake any organization that lacks their incentives and efficiencies, and because DAOs are cheap and straightforward to clone this will potentially lead to more competition.
- 3227967-032 : Existing blockchains and DAOs still lack genuine decentralization, and there are currently no true DAOs: Bitcoin's proof of work protocol has produced mining pools because of economies of scale and un
- 3227967-033 : Anonymity in blockchain organizations makes them prone to Sybil attacks and 51 percent attacks, and anonymity combined with autonomy has led to many hacks.
- 3227967-034 : In a truly decentralized system any mistake, such as a stolen or lost password or a programming bug, is permanent and irrevocable.
- 3227967-035 : A reputation verification platform matters because trust created through an eternal reputational record would be open to review and driven by proper incentives.
- 3227967-036 : The real design challenge for consensus protocols is to find a proof of stake protocol that offers both trust and security without unintentionally creating just another centralized validation system.
- 3373393-001 : As a foundational technology, blockchain technology builds the infrastructure for decentralized networked governance, which over time creates an environment in which the internal and external monitori
- 3373393-002 : Blockchain technology produces a substantial increase in the efficiency of the agency relationship and lowers agency costs by orders of magnitude.
- 3373393-004 : Blockchain is not a disruptive technology but a foundational technology, and its transformational impact therefore takes decades rather than years.
- 3373393-005 : Blockchain use cases involve interdependent structures, so development of any one area alone cannot succeed without the simultaneous existence of multiple additional support structures.
- 3373393-006 : Applying blockchain to corporate governance requires the relevant authorities, who most likely understand the governance use case but not the technology, to reach consensus on how and when to implemen
- 3373393-017 : Supervisory tasks traditionally performed by principals to control their agents can be delegated to decentralized computer networks that are reliable, secure, immutable, and independent of fallible hu
- 3373393-018 : Blockchain provides an alternative governance mechanism that eliminates agency costs, meaning the principal's cost of supervising agents, by creating trust in the contractual relationship between prin
- 3373393-019 : The immutability of the blockchain and its cryptographic security systems provide transactional guarantees that create trust between principals and agents in the integrity of their contractual relatio
- 3373393-020 : A blockchain guarantee means that a contract between principal and agent executes only if and when all contract parameters have been fulfilled by both parties and verified by a majority of miners or n
- 3373393-021 : Because governance guarantees are embedded in code, there is no need in the blockchain infrastructure for the principal to institute oversight and monitoring, and the associated agency costs disappear
- 3373393-022 : It is decentralized network connectivity via the Internet, rather than blockchain's use of digital signatures, that provides the most protection against fraud, because multiple copies of the blockchai
- 3373393-023 : The distributed consensus model, in which network nodes verify and validate transactions before execution, makes it extremely rare for a fraudulent transaction to be recorded in the blockchain, and it
- 3373393-024 : Cryptographic hashes increase blockchain security and remove the trust barriers in agency relationships that otherwise require monitoring of agents and generate agency costs.
- 3373393-027 : The removal of checks and balances, agent monitoring, audit requirements, disclosure regimes, market pressure, and executive compensation schemes produces a qualitative shift in efficiency in the agen
- 3373393-040 : The basis of coded blockchain guarantees will itself evolve and require protocol upgrades, and without evolutionary governance upgrades the cost reduction achieved for the agency relationship cannot b
- 3373393-041 : Because blockchain is a foundational technology, blockchain-based governance solutions for agency problems depend on the creation of infrastructure components that have not yet been conceptualized in
- 3405401-001 : Decentralized commerce is the global exchange of financial instruments, goods and services conducted through decentralized and emerging technologies, a stipulated definition the paper relies on throug
- 3405401-028 : Until blockchain technology was introduced via bitcoin in 2009, decentralized reputation systems mostly relied on the old and corruptible concept of the Web of Trust.
- 3409548-011 : Blockchain adoption by private investment funds followed a staged path: minimal use from 2000 to 2012, then experimentation through separate new fund entities beginning in 2012, and from 2015 the crea
- 3409548-012 : High levels of investor activity in the blockchain sector are a reliable indicator of the commercial maturity of blockchain technology.
- 3409548-013 : Business, administrative, and legal processes that depend on legal intermediaries may become redundant as blockchain technology advances and is accepted, with ledger keeping services such as notary an
- 3409548-014 : The 2018 ICO boom exposed a core limitation of blockchain technology: ICOs sold investors decentralized infrastructure products on the assumption that a baseline infrastructure already existed, and th
- 3409548-017 : Blockchain-enabled sharing services are unlikely to be accepted quickly or without resistance, because incumbents challenged by new ways of delivering a service or product will resist, as the existing
- 3409548-018 : The absence of regulatory recognition of blockchain technology is not merely an inconvenience: it hinders implementation of the technology across industries and undermines the conversion of infrastruc
- 3409548-019 : The Northern Trust and IBM blockchain removes a specific inefficiency in private equity deal practice by letting all involved parties in a deal look at a single compiled version of the transaction and
- 3409548-020 : Blockchain-based funds can invert the traditional secrecy of hedge funds: the LendingRobot ledger discloses detailed holdings and supplies a hash code signature evidencing that the data is tamper proo
- 3409548-022 : Managers of funds that exist entirely in cyberspace cannot assume they are judgment proof; the practical consequence of operating across a global node network is exposure to more regulation, not less.
- 3409548-023 : Legacy systems at private investment funds and banks are more expensive, more error prone, and slower than emerging blockchain technologies, a gap illustrated by the $1.7 trillion in processing fees b
- 3409548-024 : Because blockchain is transparent, verifiable, self-authenticating and self-enforcing, transactions can settle instantaneously at near zero cost, and it is this combination plus technology-driven demo
- 3409548-035 : Recording every fund transaction together with its associated documentation on a blockchain cuts the significant costs of human oversight in recording, organizing and maintaining investment fund data
- 3409548-037 : Most large private equity and hedge fund advisers have not yet even considered combining blockchain with big data and artificial intelligence, leaving first mover efficiency gains to smaller competito
- 3409548-039 : The structural characteristic of blockchain as a decentralized model for financial transactions disintermediates and disrupts the existing financial infrastructure, so funds implementing it are spearh
- 3409548-040 : Continued evolution and blockchain integration in the private investment fund industry depends on regulatory guidance, which the author identifies as essential rather than optional.
- 3411897-017 : Because governance guarantees are embedded in blockchain code, there is no need for a principal to institute oversight and monitoring, which eliminates the associated agency costs.
- 3411897-018 : It is the completely decentralized network connectivity via the internet, not blockchain's digital signatures, that provides the greatest protection against fraud, because connectivity puts multiple c
- 3441904-003 : Because blockchain guarantees prevent any participant from circumventing the coded set of governance rules, a lower level of oversight and monitoring of agents is needed, which changes the cost struct
- 3441904-006 : Without evolutionary governance upgrades to blockchain protocols, the cost reduction that blockchain brings to the agency relationship cannot be maintained.
- 3441904-007 : Traditional limited liability entities can only partially benefit from blockchain based governance, because the dynamic regulatory features it offers are partially incompatible with the rule based leg
- 3441904-032 : Traditional jurisdictional principles cannot directly apply to blockchain technology because the blockchain is merely a collection of agreed upon calculations by decentralized computer systems, and no
- 3709041-001 : Centralized coordination of behavior for the common good risks undermining individual effort, whereas blockchain technology's autonomous and anonymous decentralized coordination of individual action c
- 3709041-002 : Blockchain technology incentivizes direct transactions between creator and consumer, including compensation, which eliminates the need for intermediation.
- 3709041-037 : Linking necessary data between governmental departments via blockchain could eradicate potential government corruption and increase the efficiency of the public sector.
- 3782192-035 : Before blockchain technology and cryptographic security, a dictatorship was necessary for governing a large network because more sophisticated governance architectures such as democracies could not go
- 3782193-014 : An ideal DAO with open membership for anonymous members from any culture can maintain harmony only if its members share a transcendental value, work toward a common purpose even if that purpose is sim
- 3782193-027 : Bitcoin does not refute the thesis that money centralizes decentralized projects: hashing power has slowly become concentrated in mining pools until the majority of that power resides in the single co
- 3782193-028 : Almost every blockchain project the authors are aware of is suffering under the centralizing force of competition for equity control and profit, and such projects predictably move toward centralizatio
- 3782198-029 : A blockchain is immutable because any attempt to edit an old block changes the hash of that information and is immediately rejected by the network that follows the protocol.
- 3782201-008 : Blockchain based guarantees remove agency costs because principals become less essential for monitoring agents, which addresses the inherent agency problems in modern finance and corporate governance.
- 3782205-032 : In peer to peer systems the redundant and eternal storage of the blockchain takes the place of the central bank.
- 3782214-005 : No major blockchain is entirely decentralized, because all of them lack binding, coded, anonymous peer to peer governance; on chain and off chain governance experiments to date fall short of that stan
- 3782214-013 : Recording every action on a blockchain does not by itself defeat corruption, because more information does not ensure more productive collaboration; members must additionally be motivated to behave co
- 3782216-003 : Blockchain transactions will always be expensive compared with other peer to peer transactions, because blockchain data must be stored eternally and redundantly on as many machines as possible to supp
- 3782216-004 : Decentralized banking addresses blockchain scaling, because the linear structure of a blockchain means that doubling the number of participants and transactions halves its speed.
- 3808859-028 : DeFi's distinctive disruption is that it attempts to make financial transactions permissionless, completely open to anybody, and borderless, promising reduced transaction costs, broader financial incl
- 3808859-038 : Decentralization requires its own infrastructure; the technologies of the internet era and its progeny alone may not suffice, and fully decentralized technologies require an enhanced decentralized net
- 3808867-030 : Because a decentralized system has a blockchain based quasi precedent nature with a human backstop, it enables built in checks and balances capable of supporting resistance even to apocalyptic takeove
- 3808867-035 : Blockchain based guarantees remove agency costs because principals are less required to institute oversight and monitoring of agents, which addresses inherent agency problems in modern finance and cor
- 4796714-012 : Recentralization is the central obstacle to using blockchain and distributed ledger technology to govern AI: the recentralizing tendency of these networks interferes with their capacity to deliver eff
- 4900878-021 : Economic incentive designs are the core of tokenomics: they govern issuance, distribution, and use of tokens by emulating traditional monetary and fiscal policy and adapting it to the distinctive feat
- 4900878-025 : Decentralized blockchain networks display an economic analogue of entanglement: a single participant's action, such as a large transaction, immediately propagates into token prices, network congestion
- 4900878-030 : The zero space structure of smart contracts produces a form of quantum transaction entanglement, in which transactions execute instantaneously and uniformly across the network regardless of the physic
- 4900880-036 : DAO accountability comes from the recording mechanism itself: because all transactions and decisions are written to an immutable blockchain that every stakeholder can inspect, no single actor can easi
- 4900880-039 : Combining quantum computing with blockchain and DAO frameworks makes a governance model possible that is simultaneously transparent, decentralized, and adaptive, supporting efficient and fair resource
- 4941807-018 : An immutable blockchain log of transactions and modifications inside AI systems lets stakeholders trace the lineage of an AI decision back to its original data inputs, which makes errors easier to ide
- 4941807-019 : Smart contracts can automate compliance with regulatory requirements and ethical guidelines: for example, a smart contract can enforce privacy law directly by controlling an AI system's access to pers
- 4957318-036 : The WDAG system never repeals: all precedents and rules are retained on the blockchain, so no legal principle is ever permanently discarded even when it ceases to be applied.
- 4957318-039 : The WDAG system preserves legal history as a byproduct of its architecture: all legal precedents are retained within a blockchain based framework in a transparent and immutable format, so historical a
- 5254152-006 : Smart contracts, as self executing contracts with terms written directly into code, remove the need for intermediaries, which lowers costs and raises trust among participants.
- 5095633-026 : High transaction costs in centralized payment systems make micro-payments for small tasks uneconomic, whereas blockchain ledgers process tiny transfers efficiently and thereby widen the pool of contri
- 5245185-003 : Because blockchain records a verifiable and immutable history of data provenance and alterations, it mitigates data poisoning risk and supports the claim that AI models were trained on genuine dataset
- 5245185-007 : The accelerated evolution of AI and blockchain technologies outstrips regulatory development, which can situate AI agents in legal interstices, particularly in financial and data management domains.
- 5245185-009 : Integrating AI with blockchain does not by itself eliminate security exposure: cyberattacks and privacy breaches remain possible absent rigorous monitoring.
- 5245185-033 : Recording every AI agent decision and transaction on a blockchain produces a permanent tamper proof record that enables public verification and fosters accountability, because no single entity can alt
- 5554218-014 : Conflict of laws rules should instead be used as a vehicle for implementing innovative national legal systems that utilize decentralized governance models and respect the autonomy of blockchain.
- 5583610-039 : Blockchain integration should lower governance overhead by twenty to thirty percent by enabling real-time voting and greater transparency.
- 5886342-003 : The Codex is positioned as a private universal standard rather than state legislation: it supplies legal certainty and enforceability for digital systems ranging from blockchain and AI to quantum comp